Christmas is commemorated to keep in mind the birth of of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God.
The name 'Christmas' originates from the Mass of Christ (or Jesus). A Mass service (which is in some cases called Communion or Eucharist) is where Christians keep in mind that Jesus died for us and after that returned to life. The 'Christ-Mass' service was the only one that was permitted to take place after sunset (and prior to dawn the next day), so people had it at Midnight! So we get the name Christ-Mass, shortened to Christmas.
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Christmas is now celebrated by individuals all over the world, whether they are Christians or not. It's a time when friends and family come together and keep in mind the good things they have. Individuals, and especially kids, likewise like Christmas as it's a time when you offer and get presents!
The Date of Christmas
Nobody understands the real birthday of Jesus! No date is given in the Bible, so why do we celebrate it on the 25th December? The early Christians definitely had numerous arguments regarding when it should be commemorated! Likewise, the birth of Jesus probably didn't take place in the year 1 but slightly earlier, someplace in between 2 BCE/BC and 7 BCE/BC, potentially in 4 BCE/BC (there isn't a 0 - the years go from 1 BC/BCE to 1!).
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The very first recorded date of Christmas being commemorated on December 25th was in 336, throughout the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine (he was the first Christian Roman Emperor). However it was not an official Roman state festival at this time.
Nevertheless, there are many different customs and theories regarding why Christmas is celebrated on December 25th.
An extremely early Christian custom stated that the day when Mary was told that she would have an extremely special child, Jesus (called the Annunciation) was on March 25th - and it's still commemorated today on the 25th March. Nine months after the 25th March is the 25th December! March 25th was also the day some early Christians believed the world had actually been made, and likewise the day that Jesus died on when he was an adult. The date of March 25th was chosen because people had actually computed that was the day on which Jesus died as an adult (the 14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar) and they thought that Jesus was born and had passed away on the exact same day of the year.
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Some individuals likewise believe that December 25th may have also been selected due to the fact that the Winter Solstice and the ancient pagan Roman midwinter celebrations called 'Saturnalia' and 'Dies Natalis Solis Invicti' happened in December around this date - so it was a time when individuals currently celebrated things.
The Winter Solstice is the day where there is the quickest time between the sun rising and the sun setting. It takes place on December 21st or 22nd. To pagans this suggested that the winter season was over and spring was coming and they had a celebration to commemorate it and worshipped the sun for winning over the darkness of winter. In Scandinavia, and some other parts of northern Europe, the Winter Solstice is known as Yule and is where we get Yule Logs from. In Eastern Europe the mid-winter festival is called Koleda.
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The Roman Celebration of Saturnalia took place between December 17th and 23rd and honoured the Roman god Saturn. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti means 'birthday of the unconquered sun' and was held on December 25th (when the Romans thought the Winter Solstice occurred) and was the 'birthday' of the Pagan Sun god Mithra. In the pagan religious beliefs of Mithraism, the holy day was Sunday and is where get that word from!
The Roman emperor Aurelian developed 'Sol Invictus' in 274. However there are records of early Christians linking 14th Nisan to 25th March therefore the 25th December return to around 200!
The Jewish festival of Lights, Hanukkah begins on the 25th of Kislev (the month in the Jewish calendar that takes place at about the very same time as December). Hanukkah celebrates when the Jewish individuals had the ability to re-dedicate and worship in their Temple, in Jerusalem, once again following many years of not being permitted to practice their faith.
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Jesus was a Jew, so this could be another factor that helped the early Church pick December the 25th for the date of Christmas!
Christmas had also been commemorated by the early Church on January sixth, when they also commemorated the Epiphany (which suggests the revelation that Jesus was God's son) and the Baptism of Jesus. Now Epiphany generally commemorates the visit of the Wise Men to the child Jesus, but back then it celebrated both things! Jesus's Baptism was originally seen as more important than his birth, as this was when he began his ministry. But quickly people wanted a different day to celebrate his birth.
The majority of the world uses the 'Gregorian Calendar' executed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Prior to that the 'Roman' or Julian Calendar was utilized (named after Julius Caesar). The Gregorian calendar is more accurate that the Roman calendar which had too many days in a year! When the switch was made 10 days were lost, so that the day that followed the 4th October 1582 was 15th October 1582. In the UK the modification of calendars was made in 1752. The day after 2nd September 1752 was 14th September 1752.
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Lots Of Orthodox and Coptic Churches still utilize the Julian Calendar and so celebrate Christmas on the 7th January (which is when December 25th would have been on the Julian calendar). And the Armenian Apostolic Church commemorates it on the sixth January! In some part of the UK, January sixth is still called 'Old Christmas' as this would have been the day that Christmas would have celebrated on, if the calendar had not been altered. Some individuals didn't want to utilize the new calendar as they thought it 'cheated' them out of 11 days!
Christians believe that Jesus is the light of the world, so the early Christians believed that this was the correct time to commemorate the birth of Jesus. They likewise took control of some of the customizeds from the Winter Solstice and gave them Christian meanings, like Holly, Mistletoe and even Christmas Carols!
St Augustine of Canterbury was the individual who probably began the prevalent celebration of Christmas in large parts of England by introducing Christianity to the areas run by the Anglo-Saxons in the 6th century (other Celtic parts of Britain were currently Christian but there aren't numerous documents about if or how they celebrated the birth of Jesus). St Augustine of Canterbury was sent out by Pope Gregory the Great in Rome which church utilized the Roman Calendar, so western countries commemorate Christmas on the 25th December. Then people from Britain and Western Europe took Christmas on the 25th December all over the world!
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