Christmas is celebrated to remember the birth of of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God.
The name 'Christmas' comes from the Mass of Christ (or Jesus). A Mass service (which is in some cases called Communion or Eucharist) is where Christians keep in mind that Jesus died for us and after that returned to life. The 'Christ-Mass' service was the only one that was allowed to take place after sundown (and prior to dawn the next day), so people had it at Midnight! So we get the name Christ-Mass, shortened to Christmas.
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Christmas is now celebrated by people around the globe, whether they are Christians or not. It's a time when friends and family come together and keep in mind the advantages they have. Individuals, and specifically children, also like Christmas as it's a time when you provide and receive presents!
The Date of Christmas
No one understands the genuine birthday of Jesus! No date is given in the Bible, so why do we celebrate it on the 25th December? The early Christians certainly had numerous arguments as to when it need to be commemorated! Likewise, the birth of Jesus most likely didn't happen in the year 1 but somewhat earlier, someplace in between 2 BCE/BC and 7 BCE/BC, perhaps in 4 BCE/BC (there isn't a 0 - the years go from 1 BC/BCE to 1!).
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The first documented date of Christmas being commemorated on December 25th was in 336, during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine (he was the first Christian Roman Emperor). However it was not an official Roman state festival at this time.
Nevertheless, there are many different customs and theories as to why Christmas is celebrated on December 25th.
A really early Christian tradition stated that the day when Mary was told that she would have a very special child, Jesus (called the Annunciation) was on March 25th - and it's still celebrated today on the 25th March. Nine months after the 25th March is the 25th December! March 25th was also the day some early Christians believed the world had been made, and likewise the day that Jesus passed away on when he was an adult. The date of March 25th was chosen since individuals had computed that was the day on which Jesus passed away as an adult (the 14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar) and they believed that Jesus was born and had actually passed away on the very same day of the year.
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Some individuals likewise think that December 25th might have also been chosen since the Winter Solstice and the ancient pagan Roman midwinter celebrations called 'Saturnalia' and 'Dies Natalis Solis Invicti' occurred in December around this date - so it was a time when individuals currently commemorated things.
The Winter Solstice is the day where there is the shortest time in between the sun rising and the sun setting. It happens on December 21st or 22nd. To pagans this implied that the winter was over and spring was coming and they had a festival to commemorate it and worshipped the sun for winning over the darkness of winter. In Scandinavia, and some other parts of northern Europe, the Winter Solstice is referred to as Yule and is where we get Yule Logs from. In Eastern Europe the mid-winter festival is called Koleda.
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The Roman Celebration of Saturnalia took place between December 17th and 23rd and honoured the Roman god Saturn. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti means 'birthday of the unconquered sun' and was held on December 25th (when the Romans believed the Winter Solstice happened) and was the 'birthday' of the Pagan Sun god Mithra. In the pagan faith of Mithraism, the holy day was Sunday and is where get that word from!
The Roman emperor Aurelian created 'Sol Invictus' in 274. But there are records of early Christians linking 14th Nisan to 25th March and so the 25th December return to around 200!
The Jewish festival of Lights, Hanukkah starts on the 25th of Kislev (the month in the Jewish calendar that happens at about the same time as December). Hanukkah commemorates when the Jewish people were able to re-dedicate and worship in their Temple, in Jerusalem, again following many years of not being permitted to practice their religious beliefs.
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Jesus was a Jew, so this could be another reason that helped the early Church choose December the 25th for the date of Christmas!
Christmas had actually also been commemorated by the early Church on January sixth, when they also celebrated the Epiphany (which implies the revelation that Jesus was God's kid) and the Baptism of Jesus. Now Epiphany mainly celebrates the visit of the Wise Men to the child Jesus, however back then it celebrated both things! Jesus's Baptism was initially viewed as more crucial than his birth, as this was when he started his ministry. However quickly individuals wanted a separate day to commemorate his birth.
Most of the world utilizes the 'Gregorian Calendar' carried out by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Prior to that the 'Roman' or Julian Calendar was utilized (called after Julius Caesar). The Gregorian calendar is more accurate that the Roman calendar which had a lot of days in a year! When the switch was made 10 days were lost, so that the day that followed the 4th October 1582 was 15th October 1582. In the UK the modification of calendars was made in 1752. The day after 2nd September 1752 was 14th September 1752.
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Numerous Orthodox and Coptic Churches still utilize the Julian Calendar and so celebrate Christmas on the 7th January (which is when December 25th would have been on the Julian calendar). And the Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates it on the sixth January! In some part of the UK, January sixth is still called 'Old Christmas' as this would have been the day that Christmas would have commemorated on, if the calendar had not been changed. Some individuals didn't want to utilize the brand-new calendar as they believed it 'cheated' them out of 11 days!
Christians believe that Jesus is the light of the world, so the early Christians thought that this was the correct time to celebrate the birth of Jesus. They likewise took control of some of the custom-mades from the Winter Solstice and provided Christian significances, like Holly, Mistletoe and even Christmas Carols!
St Augustine of Canterbury was the individual who probably started the widespread celebration of Christmas in large parts of England by introducing Christianity to the areas run by the Anglo-Saxons in the 6th century (other Celtic parts of Britain were currently Christian but there aren't numerous documents about if or how they commemorated the birth of Jesus). St Augustine of Canterbury was sent out by Pope Gregory the Great in Rome and that church utilized the Roman Calendar, so western countries celebrate Christmas on the 25th December. Then people from Britain and Western Europe took Christmas on the 25th December all over the world!
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