Christmas is celebrated to bear in mind the birth of of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God.
The name 'Christmas' originates from the Mass of Christ (or Jesus). A Mass service (which is often called Communion or Eucharist) is where Christians bear in mind that Jesus died for us and then returned to life. The 'Christ-Mass' service was the only one that was permitted to happen after sundown (and prior to dawn the next day), so individuals had it at Midnight! So we get the name Christ-Mass, shortened to Christmas.
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Christmas is now celebrated by individuals around the world, whether they are Christians or not. It's a time when family and friends come together and keep in mind the good ideas they have. Individuals, and particularly kids, also like Christmas as it's a time when you provide and receive presents!
The Date of Christmas
Nobody knows the genuine birthday of Jesus! No date is given in the Bible, so why do we commemorate it on the 25th December? The early Christians definitely had lots of arguments regarding when it should be celebrated! Likewise, the birth of Jesus most likely didn't occur in the year 1 however somewhat previously, someplace in between 2 BCE/BC and 7 BCE/BC, possibly in 4 BCE/BC (there isn't a 0 - the years go from 1 BC/BCE to 1!).
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The first documented date of Christmas being celebrated on December 25th remained in 336, during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine (he was the first Christian Roman Emperor). However it was not a main Roman state festival at this time.
Nevertheless, there are several customs and theories regarding why Christmas is commemorated on December 25th.
An extremely early Christian custom stated that the day when Mary was told that she would have an extremely special infant, Jesus (called the Annunciation) was on March 25th - and it's still celebrated today on the 25th March. Nine months after the 25th March is the 25th December! March 25th was likewise the day some early Christians thought the world had been made, and likewise the day that Jesus died on when he was an adult. The date of March 25th was selected since individuals had computed that was the day on which Jesus passed away as an adult (the 14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar) and they thought that Jesus was born and had passed away on the very same day of the year.
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Some individuals likewise believe that December 25th might have likewise been picked since the Winter Solstice and the ancient pagan Roman midwinter celebrations called 'Saturnalia' and 'Dies Natalis Solis Invicti' happened in December around this date - so it was a time when people currently celebrated things.
The Winter Solstice is the day where there is the quickest time between the sun increasing and the sun setting. It occurs on December 21st or 22nd. To pagans this suggested that the winter was over and spring was coming and they had a celebration to celebrate it and worshipped the sun for winning over the darkness of winter season. In Scandinavia, and some other parts of northern Europe, the Winter Solstice is referred to as Yule and is where we get Yule Logs from. In Eastern Europe the mid-winter celebration is called Koleda.
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The Roman Festival of Saturnalia occurred in between December 17th and 23rd and honoured the Roman god Saturn. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti means 'birthday of the unconquered sun' and was held on December 25th (when the Romans believed the Winter Solstice happened) and was the 'birthday' of the Pagan Sun god Mithra. In the pagan faith of Mithraism, the holy day was Sunday and is where get that word from!
The Roman emperor Aurelian created 'Sol Invictus' in 274. However there are records of early Christians linking 14th Nisan to 25th March and so the 25th December return to around 200!
The Jewish celebration of Lights, Hanukkah begins on the 25th of Kislev (the month in the Jewish calendar that happens at about the exact same time as December). Hanukkah commemorates when the Jewish people had the ability to re-dedicate and worship in their Temple, in Jerusalem, again following several years of not being enabled to practice their faith.
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Jesus was a Jew, so this might be another factor that assisted the early Church choose December the 25th for the date of Christmas!
Christmas had likewise been commemorated by the early Church on January sixth, when they also celebrated the Epiphany (which implies the revelation that Jesus was God's kid) and the Baptism of Jesus. Now Epiphany generally commemorates the visit of the Wise Men to the infant Jesus, but back then it commemorated both things! Jesus's Baptism was originally seen as more crucial than his birth, as this was when he started his ministry. But quickly people wanted a different day to celebrate his birth.
Most of the world uses the 'Gregorian Calendar' carried out by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Before that the 'Roman' or Julian Calendar was utilized (called after Julius Caesar). The Gregorian calendar is more accurate that the Roman calendar which had too many days in a year! When the switch was made 10 days were lost, so that the day that followed the fourth October 1582 was 15th October 1582. In the UK the change of calendars was made in 1752. The day after 2nd September 1752 was 14th September 1752.
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Lots Of Orthodox and Coptic Churches still utilize the Julian Calendar therefore celebrate Christmas on the 7th January (which is when December 25th would have been on the Julian calendar). And the Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates it on the 6th January! In some part of the UK, January 6th is still called 'Old Christmas' as this would have been the day that Christmas would have commemorated on, if the calendar hadn't been altered. Some people didn't want to utilize the new calendar as they believed it 'cheated' them out of 11 days!
Christians believe that Jesus is the light of the world, so the early Christians thought that this was the correct time to celebrate the birth of Jesus. They likewise took control of a few of the custom-mades from the Winter Solstice and provided Christian significances, like Holly, Mistletoe and even Christmas Carols!
St Augustine of Canterbury was the person who probably began the extensive event of Christmas in large parts of England by presenting Christianity to the areas run by the Anglo-Saxons in the sixth century (other Celtic parts of Britain were currently Christian however there aren't lots of documents about if or how they celebrated the birth of Jesus). St Augustine of Canterbury was sent by Pope Gregory the Great in Rome and that church utilized the Roman Calendar, so western countries celebrate Christmas on the 25th December. Then individuals from Britain and Western Europe took Christmas on the 25th December all over the world!
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