Christmas is celebrated to keep in mind the birth of of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God.
The name 'Christmas' comes from the Mass of Christ (or Jesus). A Mass service (which is in some cases called Communion or Eucharist) is where Christians remember that Jesus died for us and after that came back to life. The 'Christ-Mass' service was the only one that was allowed to occur after sunset (and prior to daybreak the next day), so individuals had it at Midnight! So we get the name Christ-Mass, shortened to Christmas.
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Christmas is now commemorated by people around the world, whether they are Christians or not. It's a time when family and friends come together and remember the advantages they have. Individuals, and specifically kids, also like Christmas as it's a time when you give and receive presents!
The Date of Christmas
No one understands the real birthday of Jesus! No date is given up the Bible, so why do we commemorate it on the 25th December? The early Christians certainly had lots of arguments as to when it must be celebrated! Also, the birth of Jesus probably didn't take place in the year 1 however slightly previously, someplace between 2 BCE/BC and 7 BCE/BC, perhaps in 4 BCE/BC (there isn't a 0 - the years go from 1 BC/BCE to 1!).
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The first documented date of Christmas being celebrated on December 25th remained in 336, throughout the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine (he was the very first Christian Roman Emperor). But it was not a main Roman state celebration at this time.
Nevertheless, there are many different traditions and theories regarding why Christmas is celebrated on December 25th.
A really early Christian tradition stated that the day when Mary was informed that she would have an extremely special child, Jesus (called the Annunciation) was on March 25th - and it's still celebrated today on the 25th March. 9 months after the 25th March is the 25th December! March 25th was likewise the day some early Christians believed the world had actually been made, and likewise the day that Jesus died on when he was an adult. The date of March 25th was picked due to the fact that individuals had actually computed that was the day on which Jesus passed away as an adult (the 14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar) and they thought that Jesus was born and had died on the exact same day of the year.
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Some people also believe that December 25th may have likewise been chosen due to the fact that the Winter Solstice and the ancient pagan Roman midwinter festivals called 'Saturnalia' and 'Dies Natalis Solis Invicti' happened in December around this date - so it was a time when people already commemorated things.
The Winter Solstice is the day where there is the shortest time in between the sun rising and the sun setting. It occurs on December 21st or 22nd. To pagans this meant that the winter season was over and spring was coming and they had a celebration to celebrate it and worshipped the sun for winning over the darkness of winter season. In Scandinavia, and some other parts of northern Europe, the Winter Solstice is known as Yule and is where we get Yule Logs from. In Eastern Europe the mid-winter festival is called Koleda.
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The Roman Festival of Saturnalia occurred in between December 17th and 23rd and honoured the Roman god Saturn. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti suggests 'birthday of the unconquered sun' and was hung on December 25th (when the Romans believed the Winter Solstice occurred) and was the 'birthday' of the Pagan Sun god Mithra. In the pagan religion of Mithraism, the holy day was Sunday and is where get that word from!
The Roman emperor Aurelian created 'Sol Invictus' in 274. However there are records of early Christians connecting 14th Nisan to 25th March and so the 25th December go back to around 200!
The Jewish festival of Lights, Hanukkah starts on the 25th of Kislev (the month in the Jewish calendar that occurs at about the exact same time as December). Hanukkah celebrates when the Jewish individuals were able to re-dedicate and worship in their Temple, in Jerusalem, once again following several years of not being permitted to practice their religion.
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Jesus was a Jew, so this could be another factor that helped the early Church select December the 25th for the date of Christmas!
Christmas had likewise been celebrated by the early Church on January 6th, when they likewise commemorated the Epiphany (which means the discovery that Jesus was God's son) and the Baptism of Jesus. Now Epiphany mainly celebrates the visit of the Wise Men to the infant Jesus, however back then it celebrated both things! Jesus's Baptism was originally seen as more vital than his birth, as this was when he started his ministry. However quickly people wanted a different day to celebrate his birth.
The majority of the world uses the 'Gregorian Calendar' implemented by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Prior to that the 'Roman' or Julian Calendar was utilized (named after Julius Caesar). The Gregorian calendar is more accurate that the Roman calendar which had a lot of days in a year! When the switch was made 10 days were lost, so that the day that followed the fourth October 1582 was 15th October 1582. In the UK the change of calendars was made in 1752. The day after 2nd September 1752 was 14th September 1752.
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Many Orthodox and Coptic Churches still use the Julian Calendar therefore celebrate Christmas on the 7th January (which is when December 25th would have been on the Julian calendar). And the Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates it on the 6th January! In some part of the UK, January sixth is still called 'Old Christmas' as this would have been the day that Christmas would have celebrated on, if the calendar hadn't been altered. Some people didn't want to use the brand-new calendar as they thought it 'cheated' them out of 11 days!
Christians believe that Jesus is the light of the world, so the early Christians believed that this was the correct time to celebrate the birth of Jesus. They also took over a few of the customs from the Winter Solstice and gave them Christian significances, like Holly, Mistletoe and even Christmas Carols!
St Augustine of Canterbury was the person who most likely began the widespread event of Christmas in big parts of England by introducing Christianity to the regions run by the Anglo-Saxons in the 6th century (other Celtic parts of Britain were already Christian but there aren't lots of files about if or how they commemorated the birth of Jesus). St Augustine of Canterbury was sent by Pope Gregory the Great in Rome and that church utilized the Roman Calendar, so western countries commemorate Christmas on the 25th December. Then individuals from Britain and Western Europe took Christmas on the 25th December all over the world!
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