Christmas is commemorated to bear in mind the birth of of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God.
The name 'Christmas' originates from the Mass of Christ (or Jesus). A Mass service (which is often called Communion or Eucharist) is where Christians keep in mind that Jesus died for us and then returned to life. The 'Christ-Mass' service was the only one that was allowed to occur after sunset (and prior to daybreak the next day), so people had it at Midnight! So we get the name Christ-Mass, shortened to Christmas.
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Christmas is now celebrated by individuals worldwide, whether they are Christians or not. It's a time when family and friends come together and remember the good things they have. Individuals, and specifically kids, likewise like Christmas as it's a time when you give and receive presents!
The Date of Christmas
Nobody knows the real birthday of Jesus! No date is given in the Bible, so why do we celebrate it on the 25th December? The early Christians definitely had many arguments regarding when it ought to be celebrated! Also, the birth of Jesus most likely didn't take place in the year 1 however a little previously, somewhere between 2 BCE/BC and 7 BCE/BC, potentially in 4 BCE/BC (there isn't a 0 - the years go from 1 BC/BCE to 1!).
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The first documented date of Christmas being celebrated on December 25th remained in 336, during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine (he was the first Christian Roman Emperor). But it was not an official Roman state festival at this time.
However, there are various traditions and theories as to why Christmas is celebrated on December 25th.
A very early Christian custom stated that the day when Mary was told that she would have a very special infant, Jesus (called the Annunciation) was on March 25th - and it's still celebrated today on the 25th March. Nine months after the 25th March is the 25th December! March 25th was likewise the day some early Christians believed the world had actually been made, and likewise the day that Jesus passed away on when he was an adult. The date of March 25th was picked since individuals had actually calculated that was the day on which Jesus died as an adult (the 14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar) and they believed that Jesus was born and had actually died on the very same day of the year.
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Some individuals also believe that December 25th might have likewise been picked because the Winter Solstice and the ancient pagan Roman midwinter festivals called 'Saturnalia' and 'Dies Natalis Solis Invicti' occurred in December around this date - so it was a time when people already commemorated things.
The Winter Solstice is the day where there is the quickest time in between the sun increasing and the sun setting. It takes place on December 21st or 22nd. To pagans this meant that the winter was over and spring was coming and they had a celebration to celebrate it and worshipped the sun for winning over the darkness of winter. In Scandinavia, and some other parts of northern Europe, the Winter Solstice is referred to as Yule and is where we get Yule Logs from. In Eastern Europe the mid-winter celebration is called Koleda.
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The Roman Festival of Saturnalia occurred between December 17th and 23rd and honoured the Roman god Saturn. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti means 'birthday of the unconquered sun' and was held on December 25th (when the Romans thought the Winter Solstice took place) and was the 'birthday' of the Pagan Sun god Mithra. In the pagan faith of Mithraism, the holy day was Sunday and is where get that word from!
The Roman emperor Aurelian developed 'Sol Invictus' in 274. But there are records of early Christians linking 14th Nisan to 25th March and so the 25th December return to around 200!
The Jewish celebration of Lights, Hanukkah begins on the 25th of Kislev (the month in the Jewish calendar that takes place at about the same time as December). Hanukkah celebrates when the Jewish people had the ability to re-dedicate and praise in their Temple, in Jerusalem, once again following several years of not being enabled to practice their faith.
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Jesus was a Jew, so this could be another factor that assisted the early Church choose December the 25th for the date of Christmas!
Christmas had also been commemorated by the early Church on January sixth, when they also commemorated the Epiphany (which suggests the discovery that Jesus was God's child) and the Baptism of Jesus. Now Epiphany mainly celebrates the visit of the Wise Men to the baby Jesus, but back then it commemorated both things! Jesus's Baptism was originally seen as more important than his birth, as this was when he started his ministry. However quickly individuals desired a separate day to celebrate his birth.
Most of the world utilizes the 'Gregorian Calendar' executed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Prior to that the 'Roman' or Julian Calendar was utilized (named after Julius Caesar). The Gregorian calendar is more accurate that the Roman calendar which had a lot of days in a year! When the switch was made 10 days were lost, so that the day that followed the 4th October 1582 was 15th October 1582. In the UK the modification of calendars was made in 1752. The day after 2nd September 1752 was 14th September 1752.
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Many Orthodox and Coptic Churches still use the Julian Calendar therefore commemorate Christmas on the 7th January (which is when December 25th would have been on the Julian calendar). And the Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates it on the sixth January! In some part of the UK, January sixth is still called 'Old Christmas' as this would have been the day that Christmas would have commemorated on, if the calendar had not been altered. Some individuals didn't want to utilize the new calendar as they thought it 'cheated' them out of 11 days!
Christians believe that Jesus is the light of the world, so the early Christians believed that this was the correct time to celebrate the birth of Jesus. They likewise took control of some of the customs from the Winter Solstice and gave them Christian meanings, like Holly, Mistletoe and even Christmas Carols!
St Augustine of Canterbury was the person who most likely started the widespread event of Christmas in big parts of England by presenting Christianity to the areas run by the Anglo-Saxons in the 6th century (other Celtic parts of Britain were currently Christian but there aren't numerous documents about if or how they celebrated the birth of Jesus). St Augustine of Canterbury was sent out by Pope Gregory the Great in Rome and that church utilized the Roman Calendar, so western countries celebrate Christmas on the 25th December. Then individuals from Britain and Western Europe took Christmas on the 25th December all over the world!
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